In studying the topic of wine in biblical times –
and comparing to the teetotal viewpoint of many Baptist in the United States –
I wondered what story that church history told about wine.[i] My
conclusion is similar to that presented by Edward H. Jewett in The Two-Wine Theory
Discussed by Two Hundred and Eighty-six Clergymen. The “two-wine” theory (and its companion idea that any positive
biblical references to wine must actually mean fresh grape juice instead of fermented juice) is
a mere youth in church history, a quirky child born out of the Prohibition
movement. This is not to say that views of temperance or even
abstinence are new – but this odd way of supporting them is.
Initially the modern temperance movement was a
stand for moderation, and in particular targeted the distilled liquors with
high alcohol content. Eventually it moved to total abstinence. The slogan of
the women of the Anti-Saloon League became “lips that touch liquor shall not
touch ours.”[ii]
The evolution of the views of England’s “Prince
of Preachers,” Charles Haddon Spurgeon, mirror the evolution of the
views of many a Baptist on the temperance/abstinence question. In 1865 he
clearly states he is not a teetotaler (though he recommends that children be “brought
up to abstain from alcoholic liquors”).[iii]
In 1877, Spurgeon reviewed The Wines of the
Bible: an Examination and Refutation of the Unfermented Wine Theory
by A. M. Wilson in his paper The Sword
and the Trowel.[iv] Wilson’s book refuted the
new-fangled idea that there could be any such thing as “unfermented wine.”
Spurgeon recommended the book and agreed with Wilson. Spurgeon writes,
“‘UNFERMENTED wine’ is a non-existent liquid. Mr. Wilson has so fully proved this that it will require considerable hardihood to attempt a reply...Mr. Wilson has written the thick volume now before us to settle the matter, and we believe that he establishes beyond reasonable debate that the wines of the Bible were intoxicating, and that our Lord did not ordain jelly or syrup, or cherry juice to be the emblem of his sacrifice.”[v]
Nevertheless, within ten years Spurgeon’s Metropolitan
Tabernacle was using “unfermented wine” at the Lord’s table! In response
to the question raised as to what they used at their communion services, Spurgeon wrote in June of 1887,
“We use Frank Wright’s unfermented wine at the Tabernacle, and have never used any other unfermented wine…Mr. Wright’s is the pure juice of the grape…So far as we are concerned, we use no wine but that produced by Messrs. Frank Wright, Mundy, and Co.”[vi]
Because of this evolution, various isolated
citations may be used to show that Spurgeon supported the drinking of wine and its
use in communion – or that he opposed it both as a beverage and in communion!
Church history shows us some interesting information, but the Bible is our sole
rule of faith and practice. To attempt to prove temperance and especially total
abstinence by odd twistings of the Bible is both weird and shameful. Reasons to
abstain from the use of beverages containing alcohol may be biblically
supported without resorting to eisegesis.[vii]
[i] I shall hope to later put
together some of that evidence in a blog post.
[ii]
There was even a song, The Lips
That Touch Liquor Shall Never Touch Mine.
[iii]
As cited in Spurgeon: Prince of Preachers by Lewis
A. Drummond (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1992), p. 449. Drummond
says that in his early years Spurgeon “enjoyed a pint of ale or a glass of wine
in the evening” (p. 439) but “later in life Spurgeon did ‘take the pledge’ and
became a teetotaler.” (p. 449)
[iv] London:
Hamilton, Adams & Co., 1877
[vi] The Autobiography of Charles H. Spurgeon,
Compiled from His Diary, Letters, and
Records by His Wife and His Private Secretary, Vol. IV 1878-1892, Susannah
Thompson Spurgeon, Chicago, IL: Fleming H. Revell, 1900, p. 135
[vii] For example, our concern
for weaker brothers and sisters (1
Corinthians 8:13; Romans
14:2), wisely-applied caution (Proverbs
20:1), avoiding the power and subjugation of this element (1
Corinthians 6:12), and in all these deferring the minor concern of what
we drink to the greater issues of life (Matthew
6:25). My interpretation of the facts scattered throughout the entire
Bible is that drunkenness is absolutely condemned but any restriction
against drinking wine is not absolute.
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