John 19:30 When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.
Hebrews 10:10 By the which will we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all.
The sacrificial work of Jesus Christ is a finished work. In The Sacred Harp (p. 365, 1991 & 2012) we sing the words below (by Robert Seagrave in 1742) to the tune Southwell, written by Elihu Carpenter in 1786-87. The link below records Priscilla Wiggins leading the song at the Texas State Sacred Harp Convention in 2011.
The words below are the six stanzas found in the 1860 edition of Hymns and Spiritual Songs for Christian Worship by Robert Seagrave (reprinted in London by Daniel Sedgwick). It was popularized in the United States through hymn books such as A Selection of Psalms and Hymns: done under the appointment of the Philadelphian Association (Samuel Jones, Burgiss Allison, 1790) and The Christians Duty, Exhibited, in a Series of Hymns, published by Peter Leibert in 1791 (and in songbooks pairing the words with a tune). My presentation uses somewhat modernized spelling and capitalization, as well as the word “sinful” in the last line of the first stanza as found in The Sacred Harp, rather than “helpless” as found in what is the original and in most of the older hymn books (this matches what you will hear when listening to the recording of the song).
Hymn V
It is finish’d.
1. “’Tis finish’d,” the Redeemer said,
And meekly bow’d his dying head;
Whilst we this sentence scan,
Come sinners, and observe the word.
Behold the conquests of our Lord,
Complete for sinful man.
2. Finish’d the righteousness of grace,
Finish’d for sinners pard’ning peace;
Their mighty debt is paid:
Accusing law, cancell’d by blood,
And wrath of an offended God,
In sweet oblivion laid.
3. Who now shall urge a second claim?
The law no longer can condemn,
Faith a release can shew;
Justice itself a friend appears,
The prison-house a whisper hears,
“Loose him, and let him go.”
4. O unbelief! injurious bar!
Source of tormenting fruitless fear,
Why dost thou yet reply?
Where’er thy loud objections fall,
“’Tis finish’d,” still may answer all,
And silence ev’ry cry.
5. Behold, my soul, the Saviour’s task
Is finish’d just as thou would’st ask;
His merit now embrace.
’Tis justice due to Jesu’s name,
To ground on him a fearless claim
And triumph thro’ his grace.
6. His toil, divinely finish’d stands,
But, ah! the praise his work demands;
Careful let me attend!
Conclusion to my soul be this,
Because salvation finish’d is,
My thanks shall never end.
Recording of Southwell, by Elihu Carpenter and Robert Seagraves
Elihu Carpenter was born in Rehoboth, Massachusetts, December 18, 1752, the son of Eleazer Carpenter and Elizabeth Warfield. He served in the Revolutionary War, and then married Martha Hutchins in 1783. He was a deacon in the Congregational Church, a schoolmaster, and a songwriter. A copy of Simeon Jocelin’s and Amos Doolittle’s The Chorister’s Companion (New Haven, 1782) in Yale University’s Beinecke Library is inscribed “Elihu Carpenter of Rehoboth his Book given him by the authors. May 13, 1783” (Carpenter has tunes in this book). Southwell first appeared in The American Musical Magazine (Daniel Read and Amos Doolittle, New Haven, 1786–1787, Volume 1). Elihu Carpenter died July 5, 1827. His tombstone at the Newman Cemetery in East Providence, Rhode Island reads thusly:
Sacred to the Memory
of
Deacon
ELIHU CARPENTER
who departed this life
July 5, 1827,
in the 75th year
of his age.
Now the grave’s a downy bed
Embroidered round with blood;
Say not that believer’s dead,
He only rests with God.
Robert Seagrave was an English preacher, author, and hymn writer. He was born at Twyford, Leicestershire November 22, 1693, the son of a Robert Seagrave who was an Anglican vicar. The son graduated from Clare College, Cambridge in 1714 (B.A.) and 1718 (M.A.) – and participated in the Methodist movement with John Wesley and George Whitefield. Seagrave published his collection titled Hymns for Christian Worship in 1742. According to Daniel Sedgwick’s reprint of Seagrave’s hymns in 1860, there were “four editions [of Hymns for Christian Worship, rlv] published and corrected by the author.” “Rise, my soul, and stretch thy wings” (Hymn VII, The Pilgrim’s Song) is Seagrave’s best-known hymn, included in hundreds of different hymn books. Though Sedgwick includes a six-page biographical sketch of the author, he did not know when Robert Seagrave died. Sedgwick relates a story of John Griffith hearing Robert Seagrave preach in 1759, and some in modern times have estimated his death to be not long afterward.
As might be expected of an author of hymns, Robert Seagrave did not espouse “Exclusive Psalmody” in the churches, stating the Gospel does not direct the use “of them and no other.” “…every religious Assembly, with Reverence and Sobriety, may lawfully use even their own Compositions, provided they speak the language agreeable to Scripture. This I conceive a Part of Christian Liberty as much as to preach or pray in our own Words: Why not as lawful to sing in our own Words, as to preach and pray in them?
“In this Publication the Author has endeavour’d to avoid not only Corruptness of Doctrine, but likewise such strokes, as might gender to Bondage of Mind; being of Opinion, that no unbelieving Worship is properly Christian Worship, and that the Frame suitable to the Gospel is a Frame of Liberty and Joy.”
“An unworthy Servant of God, R. Seagrave.”
