There seems to be many misconceptions about the Bible and the Apocrypha. Some KJV-Detractors either think or pretend to think that the King James translation was the first English Bible to include it, and that supporters of the King James translation do not know that the Apocrypha was in the 1611 King James Version.
Yes, the 1611 edition of the King James Bible (as
well as some later printings) included the Apocrypha, 14 books between the Old
and New Testaments – I Esdras, II Esdras, Tobit, Judith, The Rest of the
Chapters of the book of Esther (usually called Additions to Esther), The Wisdom
of Solomon, Ecclesiasticus, Baruch (the Epistle of Jeremiah appears as Chapter
Six of Baruch), The Song of the Three Holy Children, The History of Susanna,
The History of the Destruction of Bel and the Dragon, The Prayer of Manasseh
King of Judah, I Maccabees, and II Maccabees.
So did the 1382
Wycliffe Bible
So did the 1535 Coverdale Bible
So did the 1537 Matthew Bible
So did the 1539 Taverner Bible
So did the 1541 Great Bible
So did the 1560 Geneva Bible
So did the 1568 Bishops Bible
So did the English Revised Version (the 1901 ASV did not)
Based on my limited research, William Tyndale did
not finish the translation of the Old Testament before his death. Thus, we do
not know whether or not he would have included the Apocrypha. This Apocrypha
was also found in other language Bibles, such as Luther’s translation, the
Zürich Bible, and the Spanish Reina-Valera. The Codex Vaticanus contained most
of the Apocrypha and the surviving Codex Sinaiticus contains some of the Apocrypha.
According to F. F. Bruce, Coverdale’s Bible of
1535 separated the apocryphal books from the Old Testament and placed them
after Malachi (with the exception of Baruch which came after Jeremiah until it
was moved after Tobit in the 1537 edition of Coverdale). (The Books and the
Parchments: How We God Our English Bible, Old Tappan, NJ: Fleming H.
Revell, 1950, p. 163)
As best I can tell, both the Puritans and High-Church Anglicans subscribed to “Article VI on the Holy Scriptures” from
the Book of Articles which was “agreed upon by the archbishops and bishops of both provinces and the whole clergy in the convocation holden at London in the year 1562...” Referencing the Apocrypha, Article VI stated, “And the other
books (as Hierome saith) the Church doth read for example of
life and instruction of manners; but yet doth it not apply them to establish
any doctrine...”
The Second Cambridge Company of King James
translators, under the leadership of John Duport, were tasked with translating
the Apocrypha. Alexander McClure lists the following reasons for not
admitting the apocryphal books into the canon. Some people take this to mean
the reasons of the Second Cambridge Company, but it might be an explanation by
McClure (it is not clear to me which he meant).
“The reasons assigned for not admitting the apocryphal books into the canon, or list, of inspired Scriptures are briefly the following. 1. Not one of them is in the Hebrew
language, which was alone used by the inspired historians and poets of the Old
Testament. 2. Not one of the writers lays any claim to inspiration. 3. These
books were never acknowledged as sacred Scriptures by the Jewish Church, and
therefore were never sanctioned by our Lord. 4. They were not allowed a place
among the sacred books, during the first four centuries of the Christian
Church. 5. They contain fabulous statements, and statements which contradict
not only the canonical Scriptures but themselves; as when in the two Books of
Maccabees, Antiochus Epiphanes is made to die three different deaths in as many
different places. 6. It inculcates doctrines at variance with the bible, such a
prayers for the dead, and sinless perfection. 7. It teaches immoral practices,
such as lying, suicide, assassination and magical incantation. For these and
other reasons, the Apocryphal books, which are all in Greek, except one which
is extant only in Latin, are valuable as ancient documents, illustrative of
manners, language, opinions and history of the East.” (The
Translators Revived: a Biographical Memoir of the Authors of the English
Version of the Holy Bible, by Alexander Wilson McClure, pp. 185-186)
So did the 1535 Coverdale Bible
So did the 1537 Matthew Bible
So did the 1539 Taverner Bible
So did the 1541 Great Bible
So did the 1560 Geneva Bible
So did the 1568 Bishops Bible
So did the English Revised Version (the 1901 ASV did not)
Newer Bible translations such as the Revised Standard Version also
included the Apocrypha. The New Testament translation was first published in
1946, the Old Testament in 1952, and then the Apocrypha in 1957.
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