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Thursday, July 06, 2017

When he ascended up on high

Ephesians 4:8-13 Wherefore he saith, When he ascended up on high, he led captivity captive, and gave gifts unto men. (Now that he ascended, what is it but that he also descended first into the lower parts of the earth? He that descended is the same also that ascended up far above all heavens, that he might fill all things.) And he gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers; for the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ: till we all come in the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ:

In Ephesians 4:8-13 Paul references Psalm 68:18 (Thou hast ascended on high, thou hast led captivity captive: thou hast received gifts for men; yea, for the rebellious also, that the Lord God might dwell among them.) He proceeds with commentary on the work of the ministry/service (ἔργον διακονίας) and the gifts thereto purposed.

Three characteristics of ministry
  1. Christological (of or relating to Christ). The ministry or service of the church and the Christian is founded in Christ. It proceeds from Christ – “When he ascended up on high, he gave gifts…” “He fills all things.”
  2. Charismatic (gifted; related to or based on charisma/χάρισμα/a gift of grace, which leads back to charis/χάρις/grace). Ministry flows from Jesus giving gifts unto men (Paul uses charisma elsewhere to speak of spiritual gifts, but here the words “gave gifts” are ἔδωκεν δόματα). “He gave gifts unto men.” Ministry is above and beyond the natural talents and inclinations of mankind.
  3. Comprehensive (of large scope; of various kinds; inclusive; multifaceted; diverse). Ministry is diverse, it comprehends various kinds of gifts. No one person or one gift is the be-all, end-all, of Christian service. “He gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers…”
Three-fold task of ministry
  1. Perfecting of the saints (maturation)
  2. Work of the ministry (application)
  3. Edifying of the body of Christ (edification)
Three spheres of ministry
  1. In the kingdom (manifestation; Ephesians 1:5-20; Ephesians 2:6)
  2. In the world (mission; the manifestation of the kingdom of God to the world, Cf. Ephesians 5:13-16; Ephesians 6:12, for example)
  3. In the church (education; Ephesians 3:3-5; Ephesians 3:10)
1. When he ascended up on high
(First on the cross Christ had to die;)
He captive led captivity,
Receiving gifts, he gave freely.

2. The churches’ history gifted is:
Apostles, prophets, evangelists,
Pastors, teachers – all to see
The saints to full maturity.

3. Within the body building up
On knowledge, stature, grace and love.
For the work of the ministry,
Till we all come to unity. 

(Some points inspired by E. Earle Ellis in Pauline Theology: Ministry and Society)

Wednesday, July 05, 2017

Who wrote the first five books of the Bible

Question: Who wrote the first five books of the Bible?

The Bible teaches that its first five books were written by Moses, based on the following numerous observations.

The Pentateuch itself (or “the Law”) testifies to Moses as its author.[i]
  • Exodus 17:14, And the Lord said unto Moses, Write this for a memorial in a book, and rehearse it in the ears of Joshua: for I will utterly put out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven.
  • Exodus 24:4, And Moses wrote all the words of the Lord, and rose up early in the morning, and builded an altar under the hill, and twelve pillars, according to the twelve tribes of Israel .
  • Exodus 34:27, And the Lord said unto Moses, Write thou these words: for after the tenor of these words I have made a covenant with thee and with Israel.
  • Numbers 33:1-2, These are the journeys of the children of Israel, which went forth out of the land of Egypt with their armies under the hand of Moses and Aaron. And Moses wrote their goings out according to their journeys by the commandment of the Lord: and these are their journeys according to their goings out.
  • Deuteronomy 17:16-18, But he shall not multiply horses to himself, nor cause the people to return to Egypt, to the end that he should multiply horses: forasmuch as the Lord hath said unto you, Ye shall henceforth return no more that way. Neither shall he multiply wives to himself, that his heart turn not away: neither shall he greatly multiply to himself silver and gold. And it shall be, when he sitteth upon the throne of his kingdom, that he shall write him a copy of this law in a book out of that which is before the priests the Levites:
  • Deuteronomy 31:9, And Moses wrote this law, and delivered it unto the priests the sons of Levi, which bare the ark of the covenant of the Lord, and unto all the elders of Israel.
  • Deuteronomy 31:24-26, And it came to pass, when Moses had made an end of writing the words of this law in a book, until they were finished, that Moses commanded the Levites, which bare the ark of the covenant of the Lord, saying, Take this book of the law, and put it in the side of the ark of the covenant of the Lord your God, that it may be there for a witness against thee.
The rest of the Old Testament testifies to Moses as the author of the Pentateuch.
  • Joshua 1:8, This book of the law shall not depart out of thy mouth; but thou shalt meditate therein day and night, that thou mayest observe to do according to all that is written therein: for then thou shalt make thy way prosperous, and then thou shalt have good success.
  • Joshua 8:31, as Moses the servant of the Lord commanded the children of Israel, as it is written in the book of the law of Moses, an altar of whole stones, over which no man hath lift up any iron: and they offered thereon burnt offerings unto the Lord, and sacrificed peace offerings. (Cf. Exodus 20:25 for the specifications for this altar).
  • Joshua 8:32, And he wrote there upon the stones a copy of the law of Moses, which he wrote in the presence of the children of Israel.
  • Joshua 8:34-35, And afterward he read all the words of the law, the blessings and cursings, according to all that is written in the book of the law. There was not a word of all that Moses commanded, which Joshua read not before all the congregation of Israel, with the women, and the little ones, and the strangers that were conversant among them.
  • Joshua 23:6, Be ye therefore very courageous to keep and to do all that is written in the book of the law of Moses, that ye turn not aside therefrom to the right hand or to the left;
  • 1 Kings 2:3, and keep the charge of the Lord thy God, to walk in his ways, to keep his statutes, and his commandments, and his judgments, and his testimonies, as it is written in the law of Moses, that thou mayest prosper in all that thou doest, and whithersoever thou turnest thyself:
  • 2 Kings 14:5-6, And it came to pass, as soon as the kingdom was confirmed in his hand, that he slew his servants which had slain the king his father. But the children of the murderers he slew not: according unto that which is written in the book of the law of Moses, wherein the Lord commanded, saying, The fathers shall not be put to death for the children, nor the children be put to death for the fathers; but every man shall be put to death for his own sin.
  • 2 Kings 18:6, For he clave to the Lordand departed not from following him, but kept his commandments, which the Lord commanded Moses.
  • 2 Kings 18:12, because they obeyed not the voice of the Lord their God, but transgressed his covenant, and all that Moses the servant of the Lord commanded, and would not hear them, nor do them.
  • 2 Chronicles 25:4, But he slew not their children, but did as it is written in the law in the book of Moses, where the Lord commanded, saying, The fathers shall not die for the children, neither shall the children die for the fathers, but every man shall die for his own sin.
  • 2 Chronicles 34:14, And when they brought out the money that was brought into the house of the Lord, Hilkiah the priest found a book of the law of the Lord given by Moses.
  • Ezra 6:18, And they set the priests in their divisions, and the Levites in their courses, for the service of God, which is at Jerusalem; as it is written in the book of Moses.
  • Nehemiah 13:1, On that day they read in the book of Moses in the audience of the people; and therein was found written, that the Ammonite and the Moabite should not come into the congregation of God for ever;
  • Daniel 9:13 As it is written in the law of Moses, all this evil is come upon us: yet made we not our prayer before the Lord our God, that we might turn from our iniquities, and understand thy truth.
  • Malachi 4:4, Remember ye the law of Moses my servant, which I commanded unto him in Horeb for all Israel, with the statutes and judgments.
The New Testament testifies to Moses as the author of the Pentateuch.
  • Matthew 8:4, And Jesus saith unto him, See thou tell no man; but go thy way, shew thyself to the priest, and offer the gift that Moses commanded, for a testimony unto them.
  • Matthew 19:8, He saith unto them, Moses because of the hardness of your hearts suffered you to put away your wives: but from the beginning it was not so.
  • Mark 7:10, For Moses said, Honour thy father and thy mother; and, Whoso curseth father or mother, let him die the death:
  • Mark 10:3, And he answered and said unto them, What did Moses command you?
  • Luke 16:29-31, Abraham saith unto him, They have Moses and the prophets; let them hear them. And he said, Nay, father Abraham: but if one went unto them from the dead, they will repent. And he said unto him, If they hear not Moses and the prophets, neither will they be persuaded, though one rose from the dead.
  • Luke 24:27, And beginning at Moses and all the prophets, he expounded unto them in all the scriptures the things concerning himself.
  • Luke 24:44, And he said unto them, These are the words which I spake unto you, while I was yet with you, that all things must be fulfilled, which were written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the psalms, concerning me.
  • John 1:17, For the law was given by Moses, but grace and truth came by Jesus Christ.
  • John 1:45,  Philip findeth Nathanael, and saith unto him, We have found him, of whom Moses in the law, and the prophets, did write, Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph.
  • John 5:46-47, For had ye believed Moses, ye would have believed me: for he wrote of me. But if ye believe not his writings, how shall ye believe my words?
  • Acts 3:22, For Moses truly said unto the fathers, A prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren, like unto me; him shall ye hear in all things whatsoever he shall say unto you.
  • Acts 26:22, Having therefore obtained help of God, I continue unto this day, witnessing both to small and great, saying none other things than those which the prophets and Moses did say should come:
  • Romans 10:5, For Moses describeth the righteousness which is of the law, That the man which doeth those things shall live by them. (Cf. Leviticus 18:5.)
  • 2 Corinthians 3:15, But even unto this day, when Moses is read, the vail is upon their heart.
Jesus Christ himself, the criterion by which the Bible is interpreted, provides us the following testimony.
  • Jesus credits Moses with the commandment concerning a bill of divorce. Matthew 19:7-8; Mark 10:3.
  • Jesus refers to Exodus as the book of Moses. Mark 12:26; Luke 20:37.
  • Jesus speaks of Moses's writing as Scripture. Luke 24:27; Luke 24:44.
  • Jesus says that Moses wrote of him. John 5:46.
  • Jesus asserts that Moses gave the law to Israel. John 7:19.
  • Jesus states that Moses gave the law of circumcision. John 7:22-23.
  • Jesus often references Moses saying or commanding. Matthew 8:4; Mark 1:44; Mark 7:10; Luke 5:14.


[i] “Pentateuch” (Greek: πεντάτευχος, five books/scrolls) is the name often used by Christians to refer to the first five books of the Old Testament. They also simply refer to it as “the Law” (Cf. John 1:17; John 8:5; Hebrews 9:19). The first five books are called Torah by the Jews, although they use the term for broader references as well.

Monday, July 03, 2017

All that the Father giveth me (Philpot)

“All that the Father giveth me shall come to me; and him that cometh to me I will in no wise cast out.” John 6:37

Now, poor sinner, upon whose head the beams of a fiery law are darting; now, poor sinner, distressed in thy mind, guilty in thy conscience, plagued with a thousand temptations, beset by innumerable doubts and fears, canst thou not look up a little out of thy gloom and sadness, and see that the eternal God is thy refuge? Dost thou not cleave to him with the utmost of thy power, as being beaten out of every other? Hast thou not taken hold of his strength that thou mayest make peace with him? Art thou not looking to him?

And does he not say, “Look unto me and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth?” He bids thee look at him as Moses bade the Israelites look to the brazen serpent. Poor sinner, groaning under the weight of thy transgression, he bids thee look to him. Has the blessed Lord, he into whose lips grace was poured, not said, “Him that cometh to me I will in no wise cast out?” Why should you not look? Why should you not come to him? Will he cast you out? Do you not feel the secret drawings of his grace, movements upon your heart which make you come often with strong crying and tears, with groans and sighs, earnest, vehement, and continual supplications? What are these but the inward teachings of God, as our Lord said, “It is written in the prophets, And they shall be all taught of God.”

“Every man therefore that hath heard, and hath learned of the Father, cometh unto me.” And do you not know that the Lord himself said, that no man can come to him except the Father which hath sent him draw him? These comings, therefore, of thy soul in earnest and vehement desire are, according to his own testimony, from the special teachings and gracious drawings of God in thee. Having made his dear Son to be the refuge of thy soul, he is now drawing thee unto him that thou mayest find pardon and peace in him.

But perhaps you will say, “I am so sinful, so guilty, I have been such a sinner, much worse than you can form any conception of; and it is this which sinks me so low.” Art thou lower than brother Jonah when he was in the whale’s belly, and, in his own feelings, in the belly of hell? And yet what said he? “Yet will I look again toward thy holy temple.” Canst thou not look again toward the holy temple? Is his mercy clean gone for ever? So David felt and feared, but it was not so, for “his mercy endureth for ever;” and that is a long and strong word. Look and live, look and live!

J. C. Philpot (1802-1869)

There is no place like home

“Someone has said that most men spend the first half of their life trying to get away from the place they were born and raised, and the last half trying to get back to it. My observation would uphold that notion. There are many clichés which are thus appropriate, ‘There is no place like home,’ ‘Home is where the heart is,’ ‘Home sweet home,’ etc., just to name a few.  That men have a link to the place of their nativity goes without saying...those who have an inheritance in the kingdom of GOD must also have their ‘birth’ there. It is impossible for a man to claim natural citizenship in a land in which he had no natural birth and in the same fashion it is impossible that a man should consider himself to be a part of this spiritual kingdom who has not been born there.” – Mike McInnis

Sunday, July 02, 2017

For All the Saints Who from Their Labors Rest

“For All the Saints Who from Their Labors Rest”
By William W. How, 1823-1897
We also are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses.--Heb. xii. i.

1. For all Thy Saints, who from their labors rest,
Who Thee by faith before the world confessed,
Thy name, O Jesu, be forever blest.
Alleluia! Alleluia!

2. Thou wast their Rock, their Fortress, and their Might;
Thou, Lord, their Captain in the well-fought fight;
Thou, in the darkness drear, their Light of light.
Alleluia! Alleluia!

3. For the Apostles’ glorious company,
Who, bearing forth the Cross o’er land and sea,
Shook all the mighty world,--we sing to Thee:
Alleluia, Alleluia!

4. For the Evangelists, by whose blest word,
Like fourfold streams, the garden of the Lord,
Is fair and fruitful,--be Thy Name adored.
Alleluia, Alleluia!

5. For Martyrs, who with rapture-kindled eye,
Saw the bright crown descending from the sky,
And died to grasp it,--Thee we glorify.
Alleluia, Alleluia!

6. Oh! may Thy soldiers, faithful still and bold,
Fight as the Saints who nobly fought of old
And win, with them, the victors’ crown of gold.
Alleluia! Alleluia!

7. O blest Communion! Fellowship divine!
We feebly struggle, they in glory shine;
Yet all are one in Thee, for all are Thine.
Alleluia! Alleluia!

8. And when the strife is fierce, the warfare long,
Steals on the ear the distant triumph song,
And hearts are brave again, and arms are strong:
Alleluia! Alleluia!

9. The golden evening brightens in the west;
Soon, soon, to faithful warriors comes the rest.
Sweet is the calm of Paradise the blest.
Alleluia! Alleluia!

10. But, lo! there breaks a yet more glorious day;
The saints triumphant rise in bright array;
The King of Glory passes on His way.
Alleluia! Alleluia!

11. From earth’s wide bounds, from ocean’s farthest coast,
Through gates of pearl streams in the countless host,
Singing to Father, Son, and Holy Ghost:
Alleluia! Alleluia!

Amen.

Text: Heb. 12:1; (Isaiah 24:15; 11:11; 40:15 cf. stanzas 10-11)
Author: William Walsham How, (As published in Sarum Hymnal, 1868; First printed in Hymns for Saints’ Days, and Other Hymns, 1864

Saturday, July 01, 2017

Why would you sing, and other music links

The posting of links does not constitute an endorsement of the sites linked, and not necessarily even agreement with the specific posts linked.

The Gospel Colors

I read the following poem in the July 2017 Voice of Faith newsletter. It is uncredited, so I don't know who wrote it. It seems designed to use colors to help kids remember some things about the gospel.

Blue is for the Son of God, who came from heaven above.
Brown is for the cross he bore, to show us his great love.
Red is for the blood he shed, to take away our sin.
White is for forgiveness, and the peace he gives within.
Green is for eternal life God gives to those who trust.
Gold is for our home above, where Jesus waits for us. 

Friday, June 30, 2017

Give Me the Roses Now

Following are three stanzas of the song we Sacred Harp singers know as Odem. The words in The Original Sacred Harp were arranged by T. J. Denson for his song. Warren Steel dates the words -- written by James Rowe -- to 1915. I found the three stanzas below in "Give Me the Roses Now" -- tune by R. H. Cornelius, copyrighted in 1925. It is No. 104, a 6/4 time song, a duet of soprano and alto in G in Good Songs: Songs for Radio, Television and General Use (Dwight Brock, Editor, Stamps-Baxter Music & Printing Company, Dallas, TX, 1960). An arrangement of the melody can be found here. Hymn Time (as of today) lists 2658 texts written by Rowe!

1. Wonderful things of folks are said,
When they have passed away;
Roses adorn the narrow bed,
Over the sleeping clay.

2. Praises are heard not by the dead,
Roses they cannot see;
Let us not wait till souls have fled,
Generous friends to be.

3. Faults are forgiven when folks lie
Cold in the narrow bed;
Let us forgive them ere they die:
Now should the words be said.

Chorus: Give me the roses while I live,
Trying to cheer me on;
Useless the flowers that you give
After the soul is gone.

Good thoughts!

The following song by Jimmy Martin seems to be an arrangement of Cornelius's tune (I can't really tell).

Thursday, June 29, 2017

Research links

Resources for researching old texts -- Foreign Language Bibles, Targums, Church Fathers, Apocryphal works, etc.
Other Stuff of Possible Interest

10 Famous Book Accumulaters, and other links

The posting of links does not constitute an endorsement of the sites linked, and not necessarily even agreement with the specific posts linked.

Wednesday, June 28, 2017

Biblical timeline from Creation to Christ

The following is my approach to the biblical timeline of history and roughly estimating the age of the earth – adding and comparing the ages of the patriarchs, reigns of the kings and other dates mentioned in the Old Testament. There are some variations from my previous A Biblical timeline from creation.

TOWARD A BIBLICAL TIMELINE FROM CREATION
ASC = after sixth-day of creation
Event
Day/Year
Biblical Reference/s
Creation
Day 1
Genesis 1:1
Creation of Adam
Day 6
Genesis 1:26-31
Death of Adam
930 ASC
Genesis 5:5
Translation of Enoch
987 ASC
Genesis 5:23-24
Death of Seth
1042 ASC
Genesis 5:8
Birth of Noah
1056 ASC
Genesis 5:28-29
Death of Enos
1140 ASC
Genesis 5:11
Death of Cainan
1235 ASC
Genesis 5:14
Death of Mahalalel
1290 ASC
Genesis 5:17
Death of Jared
1422 ASC
Genesis 5:20
Birth of Shem
1558 ASC
Genesis 11:10
Death of Lamech
1651 ASC
Genesis 5:31
Death of Methuselah
1656 ASC
Genesis 5:27
Flood
1656 ASC
Genesis 7:11
Birth of Arphaxad
1658 ASC
Genesis 11:10
Tower of Babel
1757-1996
Gen 10:25; I Chron 1:19
Death of Peleg
1996 ASC
Genesis 11:18-19
Death of Nahor
1997 ASC
Genesis 11:24-25
Death of Noah
2006 ASC
Genesis 9:29
Birth of Abram
2008 ASC
Gen 11:32, 12:1-4; Acts 7:2-4
Death of Reu
2026 ASC
Genesis 11:20-21
Death of Serug
2049 ASC
Genesis 11:22-23
Death of Terah
2083 ASC
Genesis 11:32
Calling of Abram
2083 ASC
Genesis 12:1; Acts 7:4
Birth of Ishmael
2094 ASC
Genesis 16:16
Death of Arphaxad
2096 ASC
Genesis 11:12-13
Birth of Isaac
2108 ASC
Genesis 21:5
Death of Salah
2126 ASC
Genesis 11:14-15
Death of Sarah
2145 ASC
Genesis 23:1-2
Marriage of Isaac
2148 ASC
Genesis 25:20
Death of Shem
2158 ASC
Genesis 11:11
Death of Abraham
2183 ASC
Genesis 25:7
Death of Eber
2187 ASC
Genesis 11:16-17
Birth of Jacob & Esau
2168 ASC
Genesis 25:26
Marriage of Esau
2208 ASC
Genesis 26:24
Death of Ishmael
2231 ASC
Genesis 25:17
Marriage of Jacob
2252 ASC
Genesis 29:20-28
Birth of Reuben
2252 ASC
Genesis 29:32
Birth of Joseph
2259 ASC
Genesis 30:22-24
Jacob leaves Laban
2265 ASC
Genesis 31:41
Joseph sold to slavery
2276 ASC
Gen 37:2,28
Death of Isaac
2288 ASC
Genesis 35:28
Death of Jacob
2315 ASC
Genesis 47:9,28; 49:33
Death of Joseph
2369 ASC
Genesis 50:22,26
Birth of Moses
ca 2433
80 years before the Exodus
Moses flees Egypt
ca 2473
40 years before the Exodus
The Exodus from Egypt
2513 ASC
Gal 3:17; 430 from calling of Abram
The Wandering
2513-2553
40 years in the Wilderness
Death of Moses
2553 ASC
Deuteronomy 34:5-7
Entrance into Canaan
2553 ASC
Joshua 1:1-2
Time of the Judges
ca 450 yrs
Acts 13:20; circa 450 years
Saul made King
2949 ASC
I Samuel 10:20-24
David made King
2989 ASC
II Sam 2:4; 5:4; I Kings 2:11
Solomon made King
3029 ASC
I Kings 2:12
Temple began
3033 ASC
I Kings 6:1; 480 after the Exodus
Temple finished
3040 ASC
I Kings 6:37-38
End of Solomon's reign
3069 ASC
I Kings 11:42
Kingdom divided
3070 ASC
1st year of Rehoboam
Calling of Isaiah
3290 ASC
Last year of Uzziah
Captivity of Israel
3317 ASC
II Kings 18:10-12
Captivity of Judah
3449 ASC
II Kings 25:1-21 (70 years)
Decree of Cyrus
3519 ASC
2 Chron 36:21-23; Isaiah 45
Ezra 1-6
3519 ASC
Ezra 1:1-3
Haggai and Zechariah
3539 ASC
Haggai 1:1; Zechariah 1:1
Esther
3575 ASC
Esther 1:1-3
Ezra 7-10
3601 ASC
Ezra 7:1
Nehemiah
3614 ASC
Nehemiah 1:1
Coming of Jesus
4002 ASC
Dan 9:24-27; 483 from Cyrus decree

I have based it on dating from biblical creation, rather than trying to correlate it to historical BCE dating. I hope the chart comes through with useful visibility (I’m just pasting it in from Excel).