Thirty questions on our ecclesiology, by William Thornton, posted on SBC Voices.
William is a retired SBC pastor who is quite amiable, with whom I have interacted in a couple of forums (Baptist Life & SBC Voices), and who I would describe as slightly to the right of moderate. On the Baptist Life forum, which tended very moderate to liberal, he stood out as conservative there.
The subject of women pastors is one of high alert in the SBC at the moment. Discussions abound. In their June 2023 Convention the delegates voted to uphold the decision of the Executive Committee, which sees churches with women pastors in violation of the Baptist Faith and Message (the office of pastor/elder/overseer is limited to men as qualified by Scripture) and not in friendly cooperation with the Convention. One was the high-profile Saddleback Church in Lake Forest, California, founded by Rick Warren. A lot of current SBC discussion is nuanced on positions that may not be pastoral but has pastor or minister in the job title, or positions that are pastoral, but do not have pastor or minister in the job title (e.g. director, instead).
I am not affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention. Some of the questions are really outside my interest, since they are pretty specific to the SBC. On the other hand, I noticed few people at SBC Voices seemed willing to tackle them head on. Rather, they just post what they want to say, throwing something in the general vicinity of the questions. So I thought I would do so, primarily to exercise my slumping brain on the subject of Baptist ecclesiology (a very important subject).
The thirty questions and thirty answers:
- If a
church has multiple pastors, who is the pastor and how does the
congregation express this?
If a church has a scriptural plurality of pastors (elders) then they would express it by calling them all
pastors equally. The problem is that many churches that have multiple pastors
usually have an hierarchy of employees called “pastors” while employing many of
them in positions that have little resemblance to biblical pastoral ministry.
- Is the
fresh-faced nineteen-year-old summer student pastor the same as his
ultimate supervisor?
I have no idea what a “summer
student pastor” is, and less inclination to find out. It does not sound like a
biblical pastoral position to me.
- The
SBC spent decades with a pastor/deacon model. Those decades were the
greatest in our growth. Why is that model so easily discarded?
I am not SBC, so probably not
highly qualified to answer this question. The one SBC church with which I am most
familiar concerning their “pastor/deacon” model may have employed it
successfully, but not scripturally, in my opinion. The business of the church
was conducted in the private deacon’s meeting and then presented to the church for
approval by “perfunctory” vote (see William’s question 24). I think that model
should be discarded.
- How
much of our ecclesiology can be traced to American affluence and liberty?
I believe that American
affluence and political views on freedom, liberty, and democracy have influenced
the ecclesiology in Baptist Churches in the U.S. I have no idea how much, but
do believe it has had some negative effect – in the sense of looking to the “U.S.”
as a model rather than the Bible.
- If
churches didn’t have buildings and budgets would church governance look
different?
I expect so, at least somewhat. Nevertheless, our bigger problem is the more general lack of focus on biblical faith and practice.
- Is it
fair to say that Southern Baptists, once megachurches and their celebrity
pastors moved to the multi-site model, changed their ecclesiology to
accommodate that?
Yes, I think megachurches and
celebrity pastors have negatively affected the ecclesiology of Southern
Baptists, as well as other Baptists in the U.S. A church meeting in several locations does not meet the biblical definition of a congregation.
- Concomitantly,
why do we always avoid the title “bishop” when referring to the pastor who
has charge of multiple churches?
I do not think this is new. It is my own experience in the
churches with which I have been associated in my lifetime, that they have generally either
avoided or neglected the use of the word “bishop” to refer to pastors. This was
well before megachurches, multi-site churches, and (mostly) celebrity pastors.
It is my opinion that this scriptural word was avoided mainly because of its misuse by
other denominations and in a desire to steer clear of misunderstanding – that “elder”
and “pastor” would carry less baggage than bishop in most cases.
- If any
kind of woman pastor is constitutionally prohibited, don’t we have to get
into the business of functional job duties?
No, just do not have women in pastoral job duties.
However, it is problematic that some churches give women the same
functional job duties they would consider pastoral, but skirt the issue by calling them by some “title” other than pastor.
- If we
delve into job duties are we not then forced to decide on the age of males
at which females are prohibited from teaching, supervising, and directing?
Yes, I would say that some churches
give women authority over males at certain ages, which, if they were called
pastors, to which they would object.
- Is
there any ecclesiastical component other than women as pastors that would
receive the level of scrutiny that we are now giving to churches?
Is there? I don’t know. Should there
be? Yes – divorce and remarriage in the ministry being one of them. And all the
other qualifications should be resurrected with proper emphasis. It is a fact that many
churches have punted the biblical qualifications in favor of instead judging one’s
experience, educational, and executive qualifications, and such like.
- Is the
focus on women motivated in large part by the ease at which men can distinguish
between a woman and a man?
Probably not. Hopefully Southern
Baptists still can distinguish, but many in our society cannot profess to tell the
difference between a woman and a man.
- Is
there any other qualification of pastor that is likely to receive such
scrutiny? Why not?
Traditionally, “husband of one wife”
has received a lot of scrutiny, but that bird seems to have flown the coop. See
also question 10.
- If a
church has an executive pastor, why can that position not be filled by a
woman?
What is an executive pastor,
biblically? If it is a biblical position to be filled according to the
qualifications of I Timothy and Titus, how can it be filled by a woman?
- What
does a worship pastor pastor?
What is a worship pastor, biblically?
If it is a biblical position, wouldn’t all pastors be “worship pastors” whose
qualifications are set forth in Timothy and Titus?
- What
other major statement of faith, creed, or confession utilizes forward
slash phrases?
Huh? This was initially meaningless
to me, until I found that William refers to the 2000 Baptist Faith and Message
using slashes in Article VI – “pastor/elder/overseer.” William always like to
insert a little humor.
- How
much sense does it make to declare that your church can cooperate with
other churches that have female directors or ministers but not cooperate
with those who have female pastors?
A local church is autonomous, and
so can cooperate with whomever she wishes. However, biblical cooperation is
based on biblical principles. Are there any biblical principles for female
directors, female ministers, or female pastors? What is the difference? I
assume William is probably hinting at a hypocrisy hidden in there being no
difference in function, only in name.
- One of
our few success stories of this century is the increasing proportion of
African American and other ethnic churches who identify as SBC. Does it
concern anyone that we may totally undermine these successes?
How is this being undermined?
William does not say. We are not SBC, so this question is somewhat immaterial
to us. Our church, as a local church, fellowships with “ethnic churches” based
on shared biblical faith and practice rather than our supporting a common program.
- If a
mixed adult group has man/woman team teacher and the main teacher is the
woman, is this a problem?
Yes, it sounds like a way of
circumventing not having a woman teach adult men (i.e., by calling in a team).
- How
long has it been since your church prohibited women from speaking in a
church conference?
We do not prohibit it, though they do not run the church business. We do not prohibit
men who are not pastors from speaking in church conference either. Prohibiting
women from speaking in conference is more an issue of one’s interpretation of 1 Corinthians 14:34 than with the issue of women pastors. I know some churches that do prohibit this, based on that Scripture in 1 Corinthians. Is William trying to imply churches are inconsistent to refuse women pastors while allowing them to speak in church conference? We also allow women to sing and testify.
- If our
constitution says a woman may not be “any kind of pastor” is it acceptable
to have other titles, e.g., minister, director, assistant?
This seems to be rooted in a progressivism that desires to create positions that the Bible does not create or recognize as Scriptural offices.
- What
is a co-pastor?
I suppose it is according to what the church that uses it means. Sometimes it has the sense “together; joint or
jointly; mutual or mutually” (suggesting equality); “sometimes it has the sense
“auxiliary, subsidiary” (suggesting subordination). A group of equal plural elders
would be “co-pastors” in a sense according to the first definition. A group of “under-pastors”
serving under a the direction of a senior pastor would be “co-pastors” according
to the second definition.
- If a
church has pastors, elders, and deacons should they be excluded?
What? Excluded from what? I do not
understand this question.
- If
deacons have administrative authority, and in most SBC churches this is
the case, how is this unbiblical?
Biblically, deacons are servants of
the church. If the church assigns them administrative duties, then they could be biblically
serving the church. If they have administrative authority over the church, it would
be unbiblical.
- Is a
church legitimately congregational if only perfunctory votes are taken?
Perfunctory is likely a matter of
perspective. Do you think some other church’s votes are perfunctory, and does that
church see that operation as perfunctory? Perfunctory in this context likely means
“performed merely as a routine duty.” The votes of the church I mentioned in question
3 seemed “perfunctory” to me. However, it is likely that their “routine”
approval of the deacons’ motions and seconds could turn to something else if
the deacons proposed something they did not like. So, though I did not like
their system, and perhaps they were not congregational carefully enough, but in
the end still exercised congregational oversight.
- Should
all women who have affixed to their church position the term “pastor” be
considered carnal Christians, ipso facto disobedient, and out of
fellowship with God?
They would be disobedient to the extent
they disobeyed the biblical faith and practice. Same as a believer who refuses
to be baptized, or one who deliberately chooses sprinkling over immersion, and
so on.
- How
has our American system of itinerant ministry shaped our ecclesiology?
Here I am assuming William means the
common practice of preachers moving from church to church (often upwardly), rather than
ministering long-term in one church (especially the church in which they were
raised and ordained). To me, a true itinerant minister is not a pastor.
However, that has often be the effect in churches. A pastor is called, becomes acclimatized,
and the church soon gives him to the boot. Or, a pastor is called, becomes
acclimatized, but soon finds a much better offer which “calls” him away. I am
not sure this has shaped our ecclesiology in terms of definitions (though
perhaps so), but I do believe it has negatively shaped our ecclesiology in
practice.
- Is
ordination a consideration in any discussion of women pastors or
ministers?
Yes, it should be. If women should
not be pastors (and they should not), then they also should not be ordained.
- What
determines whether or not speaking is preaching? Is it the furniture
involved or the gender of the speaker?
Preaching is an act of public biblical
proclamation and teaching. Furniture and gender do not determine it; the Bible
is our rule of faith and practice.
- How
long before Lottie, Annie, and Bertha lose their high standing in today’s
SBC?
I have no idea, but have always thought
it a bit odd to have all the big offering pushes in the SBC named after women.
- Do you
think folks in the pews care about all this?
Yes, in our pews in our church they
do care.
